In the given section the most simple scheme of finding-out of the reasons of failures and the refusals occurring in knots and systems of the car is offered. Refusals and their possible reasons are broken into groups on the basis of the relation to certain components or car systems, as for example the engine, cooling system, etc., besides, in the text references to chapters and the sections concerning given problems are given.

Remember that successful end of search of causes of defect is defined by integrity of a complex of good knowledge and the patient, regular approach to problem probe. To move always follows from simple to difficult, to lead up each check to the logic end and to try not to pass the obvious facts - everyone can forget to fill fuel in a fuel tank or to leave for the night engaged lighting instruments.

And, at last, always it is necessary to try to make an accurate picture of development of failure and to undertake corresponding steps on relapse prevention. If the electric failure was the result of infringement of quality of contact piece, check up at the same time a condition of all other contact pieces and electric sockets of system. If the same safety lock has fused some times successively, there is no sense in its further replacement - try to find out a cause of a failure. Remember that failure of a minor component can be a sign of infringement of functioning of more important knot or the whole system.

E38 engine

Indispensable conditions of start of any gasoline engine are serviceability of giving of an air-fuel mixture in cylinders and adequacy spark on spark plugs.

First of all it is necessary to make sure of serviceability of fuel delivery.

To define, whether the spark is formed, turn out spark plugs, insert them into tips and separately put to weight. Thus it is not necessary to keep a wire or a tip hands, - take advantage of the isolated flat-nose pliers. Ask the assistant to start the engine. If the spark is absent, try to define a cause of a failure.

BMW E38 engine is not turned at attempts of its start

1. Plugs of the battery or immobilizer fastening on them of tips of wires are oxidised.
2. The battery is discharged or faulty. If tips of wires are not oxidised and reliably fixed on battery plugs, turn the ignition key in position «ON», then engage headlights and-or windshield cleaners, - if they do not function, - the battery is discharged.
3. Transmission it is inexact it is established in position «M» (AT) or on neutral drive (MKTP), or clutch is not completely squeezed out.
4. Rupture in a chain of system of start.
5. The starter pinion gear is wedged in a ring gear a disk/flywheel.
6. The traction relay of a starter is faulty.
7. The starter is faulty.
8. The ignition switch is faulty.

The engine is turned, but not started

1. Start (see Has undressed Receptions of operation and auxiliary systems of the Head Controls and operation receptions) is incorrectly made.
2. It is faulty or is not disconnected immobilizer the engine.
3. The fuel pump breakdown switch is faulty.
4. The fuel tank is empty, or poor-quality fuel is filled.
5. The air filter is strongly soiled. Vacuum escapes in elements of giving of air, a system malfunction of steering of injection of fuel and ignition take place.
6. The discharged battery (the engine is turned too slowly).
7. Plugs of the battery or weaken fastening on them of tips of wires are oxidised.

The gasoline E38 engine

1. The fuel pump is faulty, or its relay is damaged, - on hearing check up pump inclusion at ignition inclusion.
2. Ignition system components are damaged or excessively humidified.
3. Spark plugs are worn out or faulty, or the candle spacing is incorrectly exposed.
4. Rupture in a chain of system of start.
5. The safety lock of a control package is damaged by the engine, is faulty engine management system any of gauges.
6. A compression low pressure.

The diesel E38 engine

1. The engine is not heated-up: check up serviceability of functioning of system of preheat.
2. Resetting of the beginning of fuel delivery is brought down. Check up, make updating.
3. Spray jets are faulty. Check up. Give consistently cap nuts - at getting nuts of the faulty cylinder engine turns will not fall.
4. The high pressure fuel pump (TNVD) is faulty. Establish for check obviously serviceable TNVD.
5. On electromagnetic (э/м) a gate valve there is no pressure. Connect to the switch the voltmeter or a sampler on a light-emitting diode. Engage ignition. The light-emitting diode should light up. Otherwise it is necessary to find breakage of a wiring and to eliminate it.
6. It is faulty э/м a gate valve. Check up reliability of fastening э/м the switch, check up contact pieces. Switch on and off ignition. In the switch click should be distributed.
7. Damage to a line of fuel delivery or air to lines takes place:
1. Pipe ducts or hoses are mechanically damaged or choked up. Clear fuel pipe ducts and remove air from lines and the filter;
2. The fuel filter is choked up. Replace a filter cartridge;
3. It is necessary to check up the filter and pipe ducts on ice or wax presence in the winter. Put the car in heated garage, add in gasoline system;
4. Ventilation of a tank or a fuel filter screen is choked up. Clean.

The starter functions without turn the engine

1. The starter pinion gear is wedged.
2. Teeths of a pinion gear of a starter or a wreath of a flywheel/privodnogo of a disk are worn out or damaged.

Start of the cold engine is complicated

1. A low level of a charge of the battery.
2. Serviceability of functioning of components of the feed system, or an electrical equipment is broken.

Start of the hot engine is complicated

1. Flotation ability of an air filter is broken.
2. Serviceability of functioning of components of the feed system, or an electrical equipment is broken.
3. Fuel does not arrive to fuel injectors.
4. A poor compression in cylinders.

Starter gearing occurs is too noisy or with difficulty

1. Teeths of a pinion gear of a starter or a wreath of a flywheel/privodnogo of a disk are worn out or damaged.
2. Are lost, or bolts of fastening of a starter are insufficiently tightened.

The engine is started, but at once off

1. It is faulty immobilizer the engine.
2. The wiring, or weaken fastening of wires on ignition or generator coil terminals is faulty.
3. Serviceability of functioning of components of the feed system or an electrical equipment is broken.
4. Base installations of a control package of the engine (ECM) are broken.
5. Damage to an exhaust system and drops of toxicity of the fulfilled gases (ОГ) takes place.
6. Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipe duct or through vacuum hoses take place.

Stability of work of the engine on single turns is broken



The gasoline E38 engine

1. Depression losses take place. Make sure of reliability of a tightening of fixture, check up the fact and quality of fastening on the unions on the inlet pipe duct of all vacuum hoses. Hear to the working engine by means of a stethoscope or a piece of a fuel hose - presence of a hissing sound testifies to escape presence. Not less an effective utilisation of a soap solution for check.
2. Serviceability of functioning of components of the feed system or an electrical equipment is broken.
3. Flotation ability of the valve of system of steered ventilation of a crankcase (PCV) is broken.
4. Flotation ability of an air filter is broken.
5. The fuel pump does not provide giving of enough of fuel to injectors.
6. Escapes through a layer pad of a head of cylinders take place, - measure a compression in engine cylinders (the Engine see).
7. Working ledges of cams of a cam shaft are worn out.

The diesel E38 engine

1. Quality of joints of fuel hoses with ТНВД and a fuel filter is broken. Replace fuel hoses, fix their loose straps, tighten screws of angular joints.
2. It is mechanically damaged or weaken fastening ТНВД.
3. Are mixed by junctions of the returnable pipe duct and the fuel delivery pipe duct.
4. Damage to a fuel delivery line takes place:
1. Pipe ducts or hoses are mechanically damaged or choked up. Clear fuel pipe ducts;
2. The fuel filter is choked up. Replace a filter cartridge;
3. It is necessary to check up the filter and pipe ducts on ice or wax presence in the winter. Put the car in heated garage, add in gasoline system;
4. Ventilation of a tank or a fuel filter screen is choked up. Clean.
5. Resetting of the beginning of fuel delivery is brought down. Check up, make updating.
6. Spray jets are faulty. Check up. Turn on consistently cap nuts - at round nuts of the faulty cylinder engine turns will not fall.


Admissions in work of cylinders on single turns take place

1. Spark plugs are worn out or soiled or the candle spacing is incorrectly exposed.
2. Failure of components of the feed system or an electrical equipment takes place.
3. The wiring is faulty В/В.
4. Poor-quality fuel is filled, or flotation ability of a fuel filter is broken.
5. Depression losses in the inlet pipe duct or through hose joints take place.
6. The low or non-uniformly distributed compression in cylinders.
7. Engine management system work is broken.

Admissions in work of cylinders of the engine at car movement on drive take place

1. The fuel filter is blocked or feed system pollution takes place.
2. Spark plugs are faulty or soiled or the candle spacing is incorrectly exposed.
3. Failure of components of the feed system or an electrical equipment takes place.
4. The wiring is faulty В/В.
5. Components of system of drop of toxicity ОГ are faulty.
6. The low or non-uniformly distributed compression in cylinders.
7. The ignition system is faulty.
8. Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipe duct or through vacuum hoses take place.

The engine spontaneously off

1. Idle adjustment is broken.
2. Flotation ability of a fuel filter is broken, or the moisture or a dirt has got to the feed system.
3. Refusal of components / information gauges of the feed system takes place.
4. Components of systems of drop of toxicity of the fulfilled gases are faulty.
5. Spark plugs are faulty or soiled or the candle spacing is incorrectly exposed.
6. Depression losses on the case of a throttle or through vacuum hoses take place.

The engine does not develop a total power

1. Failure of components of the feed system or an electrical equipment takes place.
2. The air cleaner is choked up.
3. Spark plugs are faulty or the candle spacing is incorrectly exposed.
4. The ignition coil is faulty.
5. Level ATF has fallen.
6. Clutch/at revolves.
7. The fuel filter is blocked and-or the dirt/moisture has got to the feed system.
8. Poor-quality fuel is filled.
9. The adjusting valve turbo is damaged.
10. The low or non-uniformly distributed compression in cylinders.

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