For many owners of cars expression of own individuality by change of the appearance of "an iron horse» is natural. However "aggressive" appearance of the car is not meaningful, if it is not confirmed by the main thing — considerable improvement of characteristics of the engine, and as consequence, sharp improvement of rideable qualities of the car.

What is the tuning (English tuning — adjustment) the engine and why this sort of works so are in demand?

First of all it is necessary to notice that any engine on the serial car is calculated so that it has still a decent stock on capacity escalating. It is made to save up a motor resource, and the maximum characteristics which can be reached, at usual movement on public roads to the majority of automobile owners are not necessary. To "squeeze out" of the engine a maximum of its possibilities it is possible two basic ways of tuning — adjustment of electronics and carrying out of constructive completions. We will consider more in detail these two modes.

Adjustment of electronics of engines — the chip tuning

This kind of tuning of the engine is based that the majority of modern engines are steered by the electronic block (ECU – electronic control unit) which is adjusted not on reception of the maximum characteristics of the engine, and on the maximum savings of a resource, low toxicity of an exhaust and the minimum fuel consumption. Change-over of this block is not that other, as replacement of the program of engine management.

That is the electronic microcircuit containing this program, either will be reprogrammed, or replaced with the chip with other program which steers engine work in such a manner that its characteristics of capacity come nearer to the maximum. Thus the new program should consider to weight of features and the main thing — possibilities of a concrete engine make.

Therefore such tuning — very responsible action, also is spent only at experts. And the programs, written it is not known whom, to establish simply dangerously — after all a combination of turns crankshaft, throttle positions, and weight of other factors the professional can make the account of a temperature mode of the engine only. For this reason manufacturers of cars the conceived offer for separate a payment carrying out of such chip-tuning. And at the manufacturer this tuning will be the most safe for the given engine make.

The chip-tuning allows to improve following characteristics of the engine — accelerating dynamics on low and average turns, to stabilise no-load conditions and cold start, and also to optimise work of the cooling fan. The programs written by professionals, improve an order of fifty parametres of work of the engine.

Anyhow — but a consequence of the spent chip-tuning there will be a drop of motor potential and fuel consumption increase, after all besides that the engine works on the raised turns (from here there is a gain abilities), possibility «turn on a pedal» provokes the driver to more active style of driving. All it influences fuel consumption, and its increase can be rather notable, to litre and more on 100 km of a way. It is necessary to remember, as requirements to quality of fuel can increase also.

The greatest effect gives the chip-tuning on turbo engines as the program can steer more optimum the moments of inclusion of a turbo-supercharging and value of a maximum pressure. This possibility can give a gain of capacity to thirty percent, and a twisting moment — and at all to forty percent.

Also the chip-tuning gives the chance to remove factory restrictions on the maximum speed of movement, the maximum number of revolutions of the engine, and in some cases to change logic of work of a gear box, if it automatic.

Spending the chip-tuning, it is necessary to remember that it does not compensate failures or falling of characteristics, if the engine old. Therefore for carrying out of tuning the engine is obliged to be in completely working order.


Constructive completions of the engine

This method of tuning — the most radical, expensive and difficult performed by. At carrying out of constructive completions the basic physical parametres of the engine change — cylinders are chiseled (for increase working value the engine), is spent replacement of camshafts, is established a new head of the cylinder block. «On a knee» such tuning not to make — here it is necessary to have good equipment, and usually such tuning is carried out by specialised workshops, or as them name in the west — tuning studio.

Thus the engine can be equipped and any with the additional equipment — forced aspirations, superchargers, and electronics for steering of them. Also exhaust system completion is spent so that it conducted to the minimum loss of power — after all the changed characteristics of the engine should correspond to an exhaust system. So, in certain cases it is necessary even to clean a catalyst converter from an exhaust path.

It is necessary to tell also that constructive completions of the engine often bear behind themselves and necessity of carrying out of chip-tuning, after all the engine gets other characteristics that demands new algorithm of engine management.

Engine tuning — uneasy business and consequently the owner of the car should be clear in the mind at the expense of what there is an increase of indicators of the motor of its car. As the engine is a mechanical heart of the car, its completion can be trusted only to workshops competent of this sphere. They can make really "animal" from ordinary at first sight the serial car, and its characteristics will allow the owner to realise the driver's dreams.